Charles Frazier, Cold Mountain. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997.

Cold Mountain. Dir. Anthony Minghella. Perf. Nicole Kidman, Renée Zellweger, Jude Law. Mirage Enterprises, Bona Fide Productions, 2003. DVD.

This novel, and the well-received movie based on it, can safely be said to belong to the canon of antiwar literature, though Frazier is enough of a storyteller that the lives and stories of his characters always hold center stage. This is no didactic Ayn Rand novel. As a civil war obsessive, I’m going to be giving some attention to the historical angles, but my review won’t capture the finely-crafted human story created by Frazier, and also by the film adaptation, which remarkably manages not to totally screw up the author’s vision.

Frazier comes from Western North Carolina, where not only does half the action take place, but it’s the longed-for destination of the male protagonist.

Let’s go back a bit and try to provide some setup. To put this story in Hollywood pitch-meeting terms, it’s like The Odyssey

Wearing a rope and a smile

Ulysses, by Anna Chromy, Monaco Harbor, 2011

meets bizarro Gone With the Wind meets a chick flick.

W. P. Inman (Jude Law in the movie)

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Jude Law

is a Confederate soldier from, of course, Western North Carolina. He’s fighting at the Virginia front, defending Petersburg, Virginia from Union besiegers. Inman is homesick for his sort-of sweetheart Ada (played in the movie by Nicole Kidman).

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Nicole Kidman

It’s complicated – at least in the novel the two aren’t formally committed to each other, but he’s managed to stick with the war, until he participates in the Battle of the Crater. This is an actual battle (July 1864) where the besieging Yankees manage to undermine the Confederate position and create a crater penetrating the Confederate front. For some reason, the federals then rush in to the steep-walled crater, as if they’re chivalrously giving the Confederates a chance at target practice. A nasty and bloody business, in which Inman is wounded. He’s sent back to a Raleigh military hospital to recover, and he decides, “screw you Confederates, I’m going home.” (In the movie, he gets a letter from Ada begging him to come home, a realistic touch since many wives, sweethearts and family members wrote soldiers begging them to desert so they could come home and help on the farm and preserve the family from starvation).

Then begins Inman’s treck west, back to his home county. He has to keep on the lookout for Home Guards – state troops who, exempt from going to the front themselves, are supposed to chase down deserters and draft-evaders and send them to the front (or sometimes just kill them). The organization generally referred to as the Home Guard was established by the state legislature in the middle of the war, though in the movie the Home Guard has been set up at the war’s very beginning. Hollywood has to do its part to avoid strict historical accuracy.

 

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To be fair, the English Home Guard in WWII didn’t show the same cruelty to draft-dodgers, probably because there weren’t as many as in Civil War NC

 

Although North Carolina contributed a disproportionate share of Confederate troops, the state also had a disproportionate share of deserters (who walked away from the army like Inman). In addition there were the draft evaders (who refused to join the army when summoned).

In many parts of the state, including the mountain West, deserters and draft evaders “lay out” in the woods, or in holes in the earth. A lot of them just objected to fighting, period. But some thought they were being called on to fight on the wrong side. Many young men with such views navigated the mountain trails to Tennessee to join loyalist Southern units of the U. S. Army. North Carolina had a good number of Union sympathizers (“Red Strings” or “Heroes of America”), and a peace movement (trying to get the South back into the union with slavery intact), and a state government which distrusted the Jefferson Davis administration and insisted on protecting states’ rights against the Confederates (the Confederacy weren’t actually as states-rights-ish as one might think given their rhetoric).

"If I say that I was a fervent believer in states' rights, will they buy it?"

Jefferson Davis in 1874

But getting back to the plot –

Not knowing where Inman is, Ada makes do as best she can in Appalachian North Carolina. And at first she doesn’t do very well at all. She grew up in Charleston, South Carolina, apparently with slaves to attend to her needs, until her minister-father went on a mission trip to this rural Tar Heel community, taking Ada with him. When Dad dies, Ada is alone on a farm which she doesn’t know how to care for.

Then some sympathetic neighbors ask a young woman named Ruby to take care of Ada. Here is where the movie had every opportunity to screw up embarrassingly. The movie’s Ruby, played by Renée Zellweger,

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Renée Zellweger

is a sharp-tongued, no-nonsense rural Southern woman who had to learn self-reliance when her father was too busy drinking and playing the fiddle to raise her properly. Normally, Hollywood would find an actress to do a cringe-worthy performance with a character like this. Somehow, Zellweger manages to do a more or less convincing job in her role. It probably helps that she grew up in Texas (according to Wikipedia). Zellweger manages to remember at all times that her character has a Southern accent, something which sometimes slips the minds of the other actors.

So Ruby teaches Ada how to manage the farm and its livestock and grow crops. We get a bit of a training montage in the movie. Meanwhile, the two women try to keep away from the local Home Guard, with its commander, Creepy Bearded Fad Dude, and CBFD’s top aide, Scary Blonde Guy Who Wished He’d Been Born Later So He Could Have Joined Hitler’s SS.

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“Is true, blondes haf more fun, ja?”

The pro-Confederate Home Guard are the main bad guys. But just to underscore the point that this book and movie show the dark side of war itself, not just the evils of one side, there is a scene of federal soldiers behaving very badly.

The movie has a scene where –

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– the Home Guard kills a farmer and tortures his wife in order to make her reveal where her deserter sons are hidden. They put the woman’s thumbs under a fencepost and Scary Blonde Guy stands on the fence to make the pain worse. Scary Blonde Guy shoots the sons dead when they run out of the barn where they’re hiding in order to rescue their mother. This scene is based on actual incidents in North Carolina during the dirty war between Confederate forces (regular troops and Home Guards) and draft-resisting “outliers.”

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Neither the book nor the movie has a lot of black people in it. Those who make brief appearances don’t have real speaking roles, and one of them is unconscious. Given Hollywood’s awkward and embarrassing record on race, we can only imagine the sensitivity and delicacy with which they would have treated black characters if they had more screen time and more lines – which was no excuse not to try, of course. In any case, the limited number of black characters is arguably reflective of the comparatively small black population (whether slave or free) in North Carolina’s mountain counties during this time. To many nonslaveholding whites, the war was fought by slaveowning planters who wanted to keep their slaves but not to fight for that privilege, given the wide availability of draft exemptions which rich planters, but not poor subsistence farmers, could take advantage of. “A rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight,” many called it. To be fair, some rich planter types rushed to join the Confederate army without being drafted – chivalry and all that. They were generally able to come into the army as officers, though, not as lowly privates.

Inman’s journey back to home and to Ada has plenty of echoes of Ulysses’ journey back to home and Penelope.

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Penélope Cruz

Inman does Ulysses one better because he doesn’t wait ten years before coming back – It only takes about three years before he realizes that his duties to his home community override his duties to a collapsing slave republic. Like Ulysses, though, Inman meets plenty of monsters on his homeward journey.

As if to balance out Ada’s dad the good minister, the narrative introduces an evil preacher – Veasey – whom Inman meets on the road. The wolf in sheep’s clothing is played in the movie by Philip Seymour Hoffman.

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Here is where the movie is a disappointment compared to the book. In the movie, Veasey has gotten a slave girl pregnant. Seeking to cover up his behavior, Veasey is about to throw the girl into the river to kill her when Inman comes by and puts a stop to Veasey’s evil. In the book it’s the same set-up, but the pregnant girl is a white woman named Laura Foster. This is sort of an Easter egg which Frazier, the novelist, planted for folklorists and aficionados of the ghoulish. Laura Foster was a real person in western North Carolina. One of her real-life lovers, Tom (“Tom Dooley”) Dula, was hanged for her murder soon after the Civil War.

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So, like a modern Ulysses, does Inman reach home and Ada? I’ve done enough spoilers, so I won’t add another.

But I’m not gonna lie, this is not the feel-good hit of the summer. Whether in book or movie form, though, it is a compelling story.